Cooling Mode and Heat Flux

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Heat flux for various cooling modes

The table below can be used to indicate the maximum heat flux for various cooling modes.

Cooling Mode	Heat Flux (kW/m²)
Free Convection Air	0.5
Forced Convection Air	5
Free Convection Immersion	10
Forced Convection Immersion	500
Forced Convection Boiling	1000
Impingement Air	10
Jet Immersion, single phase	400
Jet Immersion, boiling	900

1 Btu/ ft² h = 3.1525 W/m²

Based on 85^oC surface temperature and 20^oC ambient temperature.

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